![]() The Kansas City Preventive Patrol Experiment is a well-known example of a crackdown that emphasized police visibility only.†† Such crackdowns are often referred to as saturation patrol, tactical patrol, directed patrol, or high-visibility patrol. When a crackdown emphasizes police visibility only, additional enforcement and sanctions may or may not result the enhanced visibility alone is intended to produce the deterrent effect. When a crackdown emphasizes enforcement, it obviously relies on actual sanctions being applied to offenders to enhance the deterrent effect. Some crackdowns emphasize police visibility only, whereas others emphasize enforcement action.† Both types are intended to make potential offenders think they are more likely than usual to get caught. Consequently, we know less about the effects of the less well-planned, coordinated, and focused crackdowns.Ĭrackdowns can be classified along a few important dimensions. Researchers are less interested in studying these initiatives precisely because they don't believe they will be able to systematically learn from them. ![]() However, in practice, police agencies conduct many operations that can be defined as crackdowns, but which are not as well-planned, coordinated, and focused. Most of the crackdowns reported in the research literature are reasonably well-planned, coordinated, and focused: they must be to justify the research. They range from highly planned, well-coordinated, intensely focused operations in which officers know the operational objectives and perform their duties precisely, to loosely planned initiatives in which officers are given only vague guidance about objectives and tasks, sometimes being told little more than to "get out there and make your presence felt." From a problem-oriented perspective, there is a world of difference among these various crackdowns. Responses not directly addressed in this guide includeĬrackdowns, generally defined, take many different forms. Police often use crackdowns in combination with other responses. The crackdowns this guide covers are larger-scale special operations authorized at a policy-making level they are not crackdowns undertaken by a single, beat-level officer. By aggressive it is meant that police make extra efforts to take official action, not that they are hostile or rude to people they contact. Many reports relating to crackdowns refer to aggressive police methods-aggressive patrol, aggressive enforcement, and so forth. Sweeps typically refer to coordinated police actions in which they seek out and arrest large numbers of offenders. Zero tolerance, often associated with the broken windows thesis, 2 implies that police suspend the level of discretion they would ordinarily use in their enforcement decisions in favor of strictly enforcing the law for all or selected offenses. ![]() Among them are zero tolerance and sweeps. Several other terms are commonly used in connection with crackdowns, but their use is also often imprecise. They may use undercover or plainclothes officers working with uniformed police, and may involve other official actions in addition to arrests. 1Ĭrackdowns usually, but not necessarily, involve high police visibility and numerous arrests. Sudden and dramatic increases in police officer presence, sanctions, and threats of apprehension either for specific offenses or for all offenses in specific places. For the purposes of this guide, a crackdown is generally defined as follows: Journalists, for example, commonly refer to almost any new police initiative as a crackdown. The term crackdown is widely used in reference to policing and law enforcement, although it is often used rather loosely. This guide deals with crackdowns, a response police commonly use to address crime and disorder problems. PDF Guide Order Bound Copy Defining Crackdowns The Benefits and Consequences of Police Crackdowns Response Guide No. ![]()
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